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Dorylus laevigatus
''Dorylus laevigatus'' is a member of the army ant genus ''Dorylus'', or Old World army ants. More specifically known as "driver ants", the genus ''Dorylus'' is abundant throughout Africa and stretches into tropical Asia, where ''D. laevigatus'' is primarily found. They are a eusocial colony-forming species, which live primarily underground, rarely venturing to the surface for any reason. ''D. laevigatus'' colonies are small for army ants, estimated averages falling between 30,000 and 1,000,000 individuals.〔
==Morphology==
''Dorylus laevigatus'' shares the typical morphological characteristics common of all ants, including three body segments known as tagmata, a slim waist joining the second and third tagmata called the petiole, and mandibulate mouth parts located on the head for holding and breaking down food. Characteristic of their genus, D. ''laevigatus'' is blind, possessing no eyes and communicating entirely through pheromones. As a holometabolous insect, ''D. laevigatus'' larvae differ significantly from the mature adults, closely resembling white maggots.
''D. laevigatus'' has a high degree of caste polymorphism, meaning that individuals within the species have radically different morphological characteristics, depending on which role they play in the colony. Males have only one caste, the drone, which is a reproductive caste and is not present in the colony. Males average in length, possess a pair of wings, and are covered in short hairs. They live apart from the colonies and resemble the night wasp ''Provespa nocturna'', which possibly deters predators afraid of receiving a painful sting. Females are divided up into three castes; large workers, small workers, and queens. Large workers are colloquially known as soldiers and do most of the colony defense and incapacitation of large prey. The soldier caste is roughly a centimeter in length, with an enlarged head to house powerful serrated mandibles. The smallest workers are three times smaller than the soldiers, only reaching an average length of 2.5mm. They are lighter colored than their larger relatives and lack the large protruding jaws.〔 The queen is the largest female caste and is the sole fertile female in the colony. Her abdomen is enlarged, and she has an average length of just under three centimeters. The last leg segments (tarsi) of queens are mutilated and greatly reduced, which hinders their ability to locomote without assistance from workers. Assessing characteristic larvae size between castes is very difficult, as larvae size is influenced by both developmental stage and their caste. Differentiating between caste and developmental stage of an unpupated larvae is largely impossible. ''D. laevigatus'' is one of only five species of genus ''Dorylus'' for which all castes are known.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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